Symptoms of PCOD and PCOS: How to Tell the Difference

People often get confused between PCOD or Polycystic Ovarian Disease and PCOS or Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, as both are related to ovarian function in women. Although both medical conditions have similar symptoms, they differ in terms of severity and long-term effects. With early diagnosis and proper treatment under expert medical guidance, both conditions are manageable.

The following article discusses the difference between PCOS and PCOD,  symptoms of PCOD and PCOS, long-term health risks, and when to seek medical help. 

Understanding PCOD and PCOS

PCOD is a medical condition in which the ovaries produce immature eggs instead of mature ones. These immature eggs turn into cysts. PCOD is often managed with lifestyle changes such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, proper stress management, and weight management. 

Nevertheless, early consultation with a specialist is recommended if you experience symptoms such as irregular periods or acne. Conceiving naturally is possible with lifestyle changes and expert guidance. 

PCOS, on the other hand, is an endocrine disorder characterized by the ovaries producing excess androgens and irregular periods. The condition impacts fertility; thus, often medical intervention is required to conceive. 

Feature	PCOD (Polycystic Ovarian Disease)	PCOS (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome)
Causation	Often triggered by poor diet, stress, and lifestyle imbalances.	Primarily caused by hormonal imbalances and genetics.
Fertility	Natural pregnancy is still very possible with little help.	Significant impact on fertility; often requires medical intervention to conceive.
Frequency	Very common (found in about 10% of women).	Less common but more severe.
Symptoms	Irregular periods, weight gain, and abdominal bloating.	Hair loss, acne, excessive body hair (hirsutism), and metabolic issues like insulin resistance.

Symptoms of PCOD and PCOS

The following section discusses the common symptoms associated with PCOD and PCOS. 

Menstrual Irregularities

A key symptom is irregular periods. The periods may be absent, infrequent, light, or heavy. Patients may often experience fewer than 9 cycles per year or longer cycles of over 35 days. 

Ovulation-Related Symptoms

The eggs may not mature or be released; the condition is referred to as Anovulation. Instead of releasing the eggs, the ovaries may develop ovarian follicles. They are fluid-filled sacs. Patients may find it difficult to identify the fertility window because of fewer cycles or their absence. 

Fertility-Related Symptoms

PCOS is one of the most common causes of infertility. The medical condition makes it difficult to conceive. 

Hormonal Imbalances

The elevated level of androgens related to male hormones, related to PCOS, may cause increased facial or body hair growth, termed Hirsutism. Baldness or hair loss is also found. The acne or breakouts occur on the face, upper back, and chest. 

Physical Symptoms And Metabolic Symptoms 

A major physical symptom is weight gain. Patients may find it difficult to lose weight significantly due to insulin resistance. Moreover, high levels of male hormones may lead to abdominal fat deposition and enhance appetite. The occurrence of dark and velvety patches called acanthosis nigricans is another common physical symptom. As discussed above, hair loss and acne are also key physical symptoms seen among patients. 

The increased insulin resistance, elevated levels of ‘bad’ cholesterol or Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and low ‘good’ cholesterol or High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) are commonly reported metabolic symptoms. Abnormal lipid levels are called ‘Dyslipidemia’. Often, patients may face a combination of risks, including high cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood sugar. 

Mental and Emotional Symptoms

Patients with PCOS often experience anxiety, mood swings, irritability, and depression. The physical symptoms, such as hair growth or loss, acne, abnormal weight gain, and infertility, will cause body image issues, social anxiety, and stress. The patients may also suffer from chronic fatigue and difficulty concentrating.  

Long-term Health Risks Associated with PCOS

The long-term health risks associated with PCOS may include Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, endometrial cancer, hormone imbalances, and obesity. The medical condition also affects mental health, resulting in depression, anxiety, and sleep apnea

When to Seek Medical Care?

When you have irregular periods, persistent pelvic pain, fewer cycles, and any difficulty in conceiving, it’s advisable to seek medical care as soon as possible. 

Frequently Asked Questions Regarding PCOD and PCOS